300 DPI for high-quality print. PNG files don't store DPI directly — set it in your editor (Photoshop: Image → Image Size → Resolution: 300) before exporting to PDF or sending to print.
Use the largest variant you can find (HD or file). Place on a transparent canvas at 4500×5400px (12"×15" at 300 DPI). Test print on cheap fabric first.
If the source resolution supports it, yes. For an 18×24" poster at 300 DPI you need 5400×7200px. If not, use vector or upscale carefully via AI tools (Topaz Gigapixel, Photoshop AI).
It depends on the printer. Inkjet prints transparency as white paper. Some specialty printers (DTG, sublimation) use the alpha to define where ink goes.
Approximately. Calibrate your monitor and request a proof from the printer. RGB→CMYK conversion shifts blues toward purple and bright greens toward muted green.
All major ones: Printful, Printify, Spreadshirt, Redbubble, Society6 — all accept PNG with transparent background up to specific resolution requirements.